Which of the following best describes Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Kohlberg's theory of moral development is centered on the idea that moral reasoning matures through a series of defined stages. This theory outlines how individuals progress from a simple understanding of morality, often based on punishment and reward, to more complex levels of ethical reasoning that incorporate societal standards, social contracts, and universal ethical principles. Each stage represents a different approach to moral reasoning, highlighting how individuals learn and internalize values over time as they encounter various moral dilemmas.

This progression is significant in understanding how individuals develop their moral frameworks through cognitive growth and social experiences, rather than merely adopting values from their environment or being driven solely by genetic predispositions or personal benefit. The stages illustrate that moral reasoning evolves through interaction with others and critical reflection on ethical issues, emphasizing the developmental aspect of moral understanding.